With the adoption at the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of the final guidance needed to implement Article 6 on carbon markets, the Paris Agreement is now fully operational. But progress toward achieving its long-term goals (including staying within the 1.5 degree C limit) is incremental and not at the pace and scale needed. To foster transformative levels of climate action, Parties and key leadership must:

• follow up on the signals and targets of the first global stocktake (GST1), with new nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
• focus just as much on enhanced international cooperation on implementation as the setting of headline NDC targets—including the leadership on each of the GST targets and signals
• Prepare for a robust and effective second GST, which will start in 2026.

C2ES has published a series of papers that: (i) examine some of the targets and signals agreed at GST1 at COP28; (ii) explore how international cooperation could be enhanced to deliver implementation and further raise ambition; (iii) and make a number of recommendations to that end.

• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for the Tripling of Renewable Energy Capacity Globally by 2030
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for the Doubling of Energy Efficiency by 2030
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Carbon Dioxide Removal Approaches
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Halting and Reversing Deforestation and Forest Degradation
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Early Warning Systems
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Sustainable Agriculture and Resilient Food Systems
• •Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Nature-Based Solutions and Ecosystem-Based Approaches