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The Institutional Ecosystem for Loss and Damage
Loss and damage (L&D) is a complex concept that raises difficult legal, political, scientific, and ethical questions. While Parties to both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement have not formally defined L&D, they …
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Loss and Damage: Issues and Options for COP27
To respond to the urgency of enhancing understanding, action, and support necessary to meet the extreme challenges of climate change, Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) need to accelerate action and support for loss and …
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What Does the COP26 Outcome on Article 6 Mean for non-Party Stakeholders?
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established a framework for countries to trade mitigation outcomes to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), using market mechanisms to incentivize cost effective reductions or removals of greenhouse gas emissions. Importantly, as a result …
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Landscape Analysis of Adaptation Opportunities for Climate Ambition
The first global stocktake (GST) under the Paris Agreement takes place from 2021–23 and serves as the first official checkpoint to assess Parties’ collective progress on climate action. The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) is working closely with …