Publication
Issues and Options for Equity Considerations for Loss and Damage Finance
The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a fund to respond to loss and damage (L&D), with the goal of supporting particularly vulnerable developing countries. Parties agreed that the …
Publication
The Future of Article 2.1(c) Discussions: Issues and Options
To date, the Sharm el-Sheikh Dialogues to enhance the understanding on the scope of Article 2.1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 of the Paris Agreement (SeSD) have focused on mapping and sharing relevant ideas and Party practices. The dialogues …
Publication
Considerations for Selecting Indicators for the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience
Parties agreed to a framework for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA)—known as the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience (UAE Framework)—at the 5th Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA5) …
Publication
Loss and Damage Finance: A Framework for Complementarity and Coherence
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) set out a historic agreement to operationalize the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), including new funding arrangements for responding to loss and damage …
Publication
Issues and Considerations for the Just Transition Work Programme
The establishment of the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) and its inclusion on the agenda of the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) reflects the greater awareness and engagement by Parties on just transition and its inextricable …
Publication
Capitalizing On Transparency to Accelerate Climate Action (Discussion Paper)
Given a challenging political environment, the Paris Agreement (PA) is facing scrutiny about its effectiveness and impact. But it is indeed working as intended by reflecting back what the global community is doing to combat climate change and pointing the …
Publication
The Enhanced Transparency Framework (Discussion Paper)
The Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) is a critical lever to building mutual confidence among Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and enhance international cooperation to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA). December 2025 will …
Publication
Issues and Options to Develop Modalities for the Baku Adaptation Roadmap
]The Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR), which was launched at the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29), aims to advance progress towards the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under the Paris Agreement and support the implementation of Decision 2/CMA.5, paragraph 38 …
Publication
The Proposal for a New Climate Change Council (Discussion Paper)
At the conclusion of the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro last year, President Lula of Brazil proposed the establishment of a ‘Climate Change Council’ (the Council). While the proposal was not fully elaborated, reportedly the Council would be established …