Comments of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions on Reconsideration of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (40 CFR Part 98 (September 16, 2025)) Docket ID EPA-HQ- OAR-2025-0186; FRL-12720-01-OAR. This document constitutes the comments of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) on the proposed reconsideration of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) published […]
The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015, and the last of the guidance to fully operationalize its provisions was completed last year at COP29. While much work remains to be done to achieve the agreement’s goals, it is important to recognize and build on the many significant achievements under its framework over the last decade.
The need for greater adaptation finance is clear, but the political will to come forward with the necessary funding is less evident. An important commitment to double adaptation finance expires at the end of 2025. Many Parties are seeking to productively support the scaling of critical financial resources for adaptation. Some have called for a […]
Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is any storage technology that can supply energy—typically as electricity, and in some cases as heat—continuously for at least ten consecutive hours at full power. LDES systems offer an alternative to shorter-duration energy storage technologies like lithium-ion batteries. There are three main storage classifications for LDES: inter-day, multi-day, and seasonal shifting. […]
This paper outlines the current state of discussion on the Technology Implementation Programme (TIP) and presents a range of options related its modalities. Two years since its establishment, Parties have not yet reached consensus on how to operationalize the TIP. Without shared understanding of the TIP’s purpose and operational modalities, there is a gap in […]
Engineered carbon removal (ECR) is a form of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) that uses human-made technologies to capture carbon dioxide from ambient air or oceans. In some cases, ECR accelerates the speed of natural carbon dioxide uptake and/or transfers the captured carbon dioxide to more permanent storage through technological means. While ECR is essential for […]
1-2 sentence blurb for methane paper here.
A 2030 plan for the action agenda should, consistent with the Fourth Letter of the incoming Presidency for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), facilitate follow-up on the outcomes of the first global stocktake (GST) and enhance international cooperation in support of the Paris Agreement […]
Countries should integrate and implement Early Warning Systems (EWS) and Climate Information Services (CIS) into their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), pursuant to the UN’s goal of “Early Warnings for All by 2027.” EWS and CIS are crucial for saving lives, managing climate risks, and building resilience, especially in vulnerable regions […]
Global supply chains face mounting risks from climate change, geopolitics, and economic volatility. While corporate resilience planning has grown since COVID-19, climate risk is still treated separately from supply chain management, creating gaps in preparedness. This report highlights how extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, increasingly disrupt logistics and trade, with cascading impacts […]
