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G7 Leadership on Interoperable CBAMs: The US-EU TTC Negotiating Model

G7 states and others are considering or implementing carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs), but the lack of interoperable or harmonized emissions monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) rules around which these countries can coordinate their national policies creates risks for trade and investment. Implementing CBAMs without first addressing interoperability could generate trade barriers that impede economic […]
The 2024 Review of the Warsaw International Mechanism: Considerations for COP30

The review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) occurs every five years and measures the activities and progress made by the WIM to avert, minimize and address loss and damage (L&D). Parties were unable to reach consensus on the 2024 review of the WIM at the […]
Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Nature-Based Solutions and Ecosystem-Based Approaches

The period from the end of the first global stocktake (GST) at COP28 (2023) through to COP30 (2025) is critical. During this time period we will learn the collective level of ambition of new climate targets, whether countries have taken into account the outcomes of COP28 in formulating them, and whether countries have put in […]
Economic Impact of Tech-Neutral Tax Credit Provisions in the 2025 Reconciliation Bill

This memo has been updated to reflect final House-passed provisions as of June 4th, 2025; results based on the earlier Ways & Means (W&M) Committee draft are included in the appendix for reference. Executive Summary The House-passed 2025 budget reconciliation bill includes major rollbacks to the Inflation Reduction Act’s tech-neutral clean energy tax credits, particularly […]
Navigating the Finance Sector Net-Zero Transition: Levers for Decarbonizing in a Complex Landscape

Positioned at the center of global capital flows, financial institutions are uniquely equipped to shape the pace and scale of the net-zero transition. To stay on track for a 1.5-degree-C pathway, investment must increase nearly fivefold to $7.4 trillion annually by 2030, according to the Climate Policy Initiative. Similarly, the London School of Economics’ Grantham […]
The State of Net-Zero Finance

While finalizing research for the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions’ (C2ES) analysis, Navigating the Finance Sector Net-Zero Transition: Levers for Decarbonizing in a Complex Landscape, the financial sector underwent a wave of transformative developments. In the United States, legal challenges to the use of climate and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors intensified, and […]
Manufacturing the Advanced Energy Future in Kentucky

Communities in Kentucky have long supplied a significant portion of the natural resources that powered the U.S. economy, namely coal. Since 1790, Kentucky has supplied more than 11 percent of all coal produced in the United States. As global markets shift toward lower-carbon products, communities throughout Kentucky have the opportunity to turn their skills and […]
Enhancing Action & International Cooperation for Accelerating Carbon Dioxide Removal Approaches

Questions for Consideration How are Parties planning to take forward the GST signals that relate to the acceleration of the development and deployment of CDR approaches? How do they intend to reflect this in new NDCs, or future updates of submitted NDCs, including through the provision of information to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding? How […]
Economic Stakes of Removing Federal Tax Credit Support for Nuclear Uprates

Nuclear uprates, which entail retrofitting existing nuclear plants with advanced equipment to improve their output, are an important strategy to improve the nation’s energy dominance and reliability. We find that completing uprates on the remaining U.S. nuclear fleet would mobilize an estimated $38 billion in capital investments and, in doing so, create: 390,000 jobs $31 […]
Issues and Options for Equity Considerations for Loss and Damage Finance

The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a fund to respond to loss and damage (L&D), with the goal of supporting particularly vulnerable developing countries. Parties agreed that the Fund for Responding to L&D (FRLD) would be housed within the World Bank for at […]
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