The Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) is a critical lever to building mutual confidence among Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and enhance international cooperation to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA). December 2025 will …
]The Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR), which was launched at the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29), aims to advance progress towards the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under the Paris Agreement and support the implementation of Decision 2/CMA.5, paragraph 38 …
At the conclusion of the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro last year, President Lula of Brazil proposed the establishment of a ‘Climate Change Council’ (the Council). While the proposal was not fully elaborated, reportedly the Council would be established …
This paper was submitted to the UNFCCC on March 31, 2025. Summary The Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) has been discussing the challenges posed by the increasing scale of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) conferences and approaches to …
The paper was submitted on February 28, 2025, to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) web portal for consideration ahead of the 62nd Subsidiary Bodies Meeting in June 2025.
The context for reaching agreement on the new collective quantified goal (NCQG) at the 29th Conference of Parties (COP29) was challenging. The coming year will be no easier—the high cost of capital combined with significant upfront capital requirements for renewable …
There is introspection in the aftermath of every Conference of Parties (COP) as to whether the Paris Agreement (PA), and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) climate regime more widely, are working. COP29 is no exception, and …
Dubbed the “finance COP” for the milestone adoption of a New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance (NCQG), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 29th Conference of Parties (COP29) held in Baku, Azerbaijan, achieved some success but …
At the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29), Parties not only need to decide the new collective quantified goal (NCQG) on climate finance but should also consider how to enhance synergies with other …
Transformational adaptation is a concept with evolving definitions and applications in climate adaptation and resilience literature. There is no single agreed approach to either, although several common features emerge across the literature on transformational adaptation. Most definitions emphasize the depth …