Parties are expected to communicate new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by February 10, 2025, with an end date of 2035. Although many first and second-round NDCs were designed to attract investment, they did not deliver the results that many hoped for in that regard. As Parties prepare to submit their next round of NDCs, the […]
To ensure success at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s 28th Conference of Parties (COP28), Parties must agree to specific, operational, and transformational signals in the first global stocktake (GST). Drawing upon more than two years of analytical work and outreach, this report proposes key signals to drive a successful GST process across […]
Governments not only recognize that the transition to a zero- or low-emission economy is critical, but also that it must be “just.” In other words, it must maximize social and economic opportunities of climate action while also minimizing and addressing the challenges to those affected in this shift. At the UN Framework Convention on Climate […]
This paper presents options for each of the elements of a possible decision on the Santiago Network (SN) to be adopted at the 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27), based on the draft element text considered at 56th Subsidiary Body meeting. These elements include: operational modalities (structure, roles, and necessary processes); the role(s) of the […]
To respond to the urgency of enhancing understanding, action, and support necessary to meet the extreme challenges of climate change, Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) need to accelerate action and support for loss and damage (L&D). How L&D is addressed in 2022 will be a key determinant to a […]
Adaptation continues to be a high priority, and the delivery on adaptation-related topics and mandates will be integral to achieving a successful outcome at COP26. Adaptation under the Paris Agreement has several important features that together create a system that strengthens national adaptation action and international cooperation and support for adaptation. A particular emerging issue […]
Parties have expressed interest in building out more effective implementation of the action and support for loss and damage (L&D). The interest in accelerating action and support for L&D has expressed itself in relation to three issues: The development of the Santiago Network (SN) The governance of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage […]
Climate finance refers to the local, national, or transnational financing that supports mitigation and adaptation actions to address climate change. It can be drawn from public, private, and alternative sources of financing. In accordance with the principles of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), developed country Parties are to provide financial resources to […]
At COP24 in Katowice, Poland, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) adopted a detailed set of modalities, procedures, and guidelines (MPGs) to operationalize the Paris Agreement’s enhanced transparency framework (ETF). The MPGs establish the methodologies to be used by Parties in their reporting and […]
The core of obligation of parties to the Paris Agreement is to undertake a “nationally determined contribution” (NDC) toward the global response to global change. Parties presently are preparing and submitting their second round of NDCs stipulating their respective efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through 2030. This fact sheet answers some frequently asked questions […]
